From the definition of a curtain wall and its components to the survey and water testing, here is how a glass facade project progresses step by step.
A curtain wall is an outer skin hung from the outside of a building’s structure, carrying no structural load other than its own weight and wind load. It takes its name from being draped over the building like a curtain, and it is the most common facade solution for offices, towers and commercial buildings.
Curtain wall components
- Mullions and transoms: vertical and horizontal aluminium framing.
- Anchors: three-way adjustable steel brackets connecting mullions to slabs.
- Infills: insulated glass units, spandrel glass or composite panels.
- Gaskets and sealants: EPDM gaskets and structural/weather silicones for air- and watertightness.
- Opening vents: concealed-sash windows for ventilation.
- Fire barriers: non-combustible details closing the gap between slab and facade.
The installation process step by step
1. Survey and design review
Architectural drawings are reviewed and slab levels and grid dimensions are checked on site. Concrete tolerances are identified at this stage.
2. Structural calculation and system design
Mullion sections, anchor spacing and glass thickness are calculated based on local wind load and building height.
3. Shop drawings
Anchor layout, typical junctions, corner and parapet details and fabrication drawings are prepared and submitted for approval.
4. Fabrication
Profiles are cut and machined in the workshop; vents and, if required, structurally glazed units are produced. Glass is ordered to size.
5. Anchor and frame installation
Anchors are fixed to the slabs, mullions are plumbed and installed, and transoms fitted.
6. Glazing and infills
Glass is placed with vacuum lifters, then pressure plates and caps or silicone joints are applied.
7. Water testing and handover
Pressurised water tests are carried out at critical zones; after final checks the facade is handed over with its warranty.
How long does it take?
For a mid-sized office building, shop drawings and fabrication take 3–5 weeks and installation 6–14 weeks depending on the facade area.
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